What is a Gingivectomy?

 

Gingivectomy is the surgical removal of excess or overgrown gingiva, commonly called gum tissue. Gum specialists, known as periodontists, use the gingivectomy procedure to treat some forms of periodontal disease. Gingivectomy is also a common cosmetic surgery in dentistry if excess gum tissue affects the appearance of your teeth, making them look too short for your smile.

 

Gingivectomy has two types:

 

1. Traditional gingivectomy is the removal of excess gum tissue with a scalpel. In some cases, removal of a small amount of underlying bone is necessary. Typically, stitches are used to close incisions and slow bleeding.
2. Laser gingivectomy involves the use of a handheld laser device to remove excess gum tissue.

 

Why would a gingivectomy be Necessary?

 

You are probably a good candidate for a gingivectomy if you have any of the following conditions:

 

1. Gingivitis. Gingivitis, the beginning phase of gum disease, occurs when bacteria called plaque accumulate on your teeth over time and cause infection. Common symptoms include red rather than pink gums or swollen or bleeding gums. If not treated, gingivitis can lead to periodontitis, a more serious type of gum disease involving bone loss in your jaw.
2. Periodontal Pockets. Gum disease can occur in areas where your gums have pulled away from your teeth, also known as recession, leaving open pockets around your teeth that fill with harmful bacteria.
3. Periodontitis. Periodontitis is a bacterial infection that causes sore, bleeding, or swollen gums. It is most common in people over 30. Eventually, damage to the underlying jawbone that supports your teeth can lead to tooth loss.
4. Braces. If you wear braces or other orthodontic appliances, you may experience gum issues if your braces do not fit properly or if they are not kept clean.
5. Short-Looking Teeth. Often called a “gummy smile,” teeth that look too short can be the result of excess gum tissue.
6. Tooth Malposition. Sometimes, the position of your teeth can result in excess gum tissue.

 

Additionally, certain medications can result in cases of excess gum tissue, such as amlodipine for high blood pressure or the immunosuppressant cyclosporine. If you experience medication use that causes the development of puffy or overgrown gums, consult with your dentist or primary healthcare provider.

 

What Happens During Gingivectomy Surgery?

 

Using a scalpel or laser, your dental surgeon will remove excess or overgrown gum tissue, reshape your remaining gums so they are proportionate to your teeth, and, in some cases, reshape the underlying bone in your jaw. Stitches close incisions and help slow bleeding, though you may not need them for a laser procedure.

 

A gingivectomy procedure usually takes 30 to 60 minutes. Your dental surgeon will provide post-operative instructions so you can be comfortable while healing at home. Recovery after a gingivectomy is typically a week.

 

Gingivectomy provides several benefits to your overall oral health beyond the removal of excess or overgrown gum tissue. The procedure can reduce harmful bacteria in your mouth, help you maintain healthy teeth and gums, and decrease periodontal pockets around your teeth. You will be able to brush and floss more effectively because it will be easier for you to clean problem areas in your mouth.