More about Periodontology
Periodontology is the field of dentistry that studies and specializes in supporting the soft and hard tissues that serve as structures of the teeth. These structures are known as the periodontium. This includes the diseases and conditions that affect those structures. A periodontist is a dental practitioner that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of periodontal disease, as well as the placement of dental implants.
What is the periodontium?
The periodontium is the group of structures and tissues that surround, support, and protect the teeth. It is made up of the:
- The tooth socket: The tooth socket is the boney pouch in the jawbones where the teeth are positioned. This is called the alveolar bone.
- The roots of the teeth: The roots of the teeth extend from the tooth into the tooth socket. They are covered in a layer of cementum which connects to the periodontal ligaments.
- The periodontal ligaments: The periodontal ligaments connect the roots to the socket and work to hold the teeth in place.
- The gingivae: The gingivae are the soft tissues that cover and protect the cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The gingivae are categorized into three distinct groups: the free, attached and the interdental gingiva. Each of these groups serve a distinct purpose in the periodontium.
What causes periodontal disease?
Periodontal disease is a number of diseases that affect the periodontal structures and tissues. These diseases are studied in the field of periodontology. The diseases include the very common, gingivitis, which is a form of periodontal disease that is less damaging. Although periodontal diseases can take several forms, they generally are the result of a buildup of bacterial plaque biofilm, which accumulate on the gingivae and the teeth. If the plaque on the tooth surface is not adequately removed, it will accumulate over time and eventually lead to an imbalance of healthy and harmful bacteria. This leads to a transition from oral health to oral disease.
Additionally, several other lifestyle habits can lead to periodontal disease. One of the most common is smoking. Smokers are at a significantly increased risk of developing periodontal disease. In addition to smokers, people with diets high in starchy, sugary foods, people with genetic predispositions, and people with other health issues such as diabetes are more at risk for periodontal disease.
What are the risks of periodontal disease?
Left untreated periodontal disease can lead to many significant health risks. These include the loss of teeth and the destruction of the supporting jawbone and receding gums which leave the roots of the teeth exposed. Periodontal disease has also been linked to more serious health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
What do I do if I have periodontal disease?
If your dentist has recently told you that you have periodontal disease, is it is important to follow a course of treatment right away. Left untreated periodontal disease can lead to more significant health complications. Your general dentist may refer you to a periodontist for treatment. Discuss your diagnosis with them and determine the best course of treatment for you.